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The Buddha Trail
By Mark Pettifor
Famous for pristine beaches
and islands, the Trang district in the south has a hidden jewel in the
region’s crown — an undiscovered treasure trove of Buddha caves.
With
excitement, and some trepidation, driver Pon Chai fired up the Toyota Crown
and headed north from Trang Town toward the distant hills. Reputedly a local
expert, Pon Chai's cover had been blown as he sheepishly asked for
directions at least a dozen times that day. It seems even the locals hadn't
been to these hidden Buddhist sites.
Originating in India, Buddhism was born approximately
2,500 years ago. It can be traced as far back as the first century, in
Thailand, when Sri Lankan monks established the Theravada version of
Buddhism in the North. Today, about 90 percent of Thailand's 63 million
people are Buddhists. Southern Thailand presents abundant historical relics
of the Buddhist faith, as well as newer monuments and temples.
Little is documented about Trang's Buddha Trail. A rough
list of sites is outlined in an old 1970s publication, and two or three
references appear on the Internet. A hastily compiled list of seven sites
was the key to our hunt into the hills. Although we half expected to find
our-selves choking on the diesel fumes of packed buses along the way, in
fact the day produced no other tourists. My young son waited patiently while
monks rose, donned their best robes and accompanied us to each offering. Our
signatures were the first English-language entries in the temple guestbooks.
An amazing array of Buddha images lie along the trail,
from con-ventional styles to the more obscure. A reclining Buddha at Tham
E-So sports a knowing smile with lips that would be the envy of most
collagen-enhanced super-models. Wat Phut Khoa Thong's Buddha image wears a
crown called a serd, normally associated with southern Thai dance,
and Tham Phra Phut's reclining Buddha has an amazingly beautiful face.
With little advance information to go on, what unfolds on
the Buddha Trail is always fresh and exciting; even Pon Chai was amazed at
some of our discoveries in his own province.
The truly unexpected included a statue of Khunnoi
Kiririak, the first Muslim to settle in this area, which sits on a cave
level of Tham Khao Pina some-where between a rusted-out Dodge front end and
a variety of Buddhist images. This wonderful site, with its rich olive-green
mountainside and six levels of cave, was oddly enhanced by the truck relic
wrapped neatly with yellow ribbon. Perhaps it was the vehicle used when King
Rama VII visited in 1926, and, in the absence of "an old oak tree", the
yellow ribbon had been tied here in hope of his return. His Highness's visit
is duly noted on the cave walls, with the site of his luncheon ex-citedly
pointed out by the monks. From within, eyes are drawn from the darkness of
the cave through shadowed stalactites across to a massive red-and-gold
temple. The only sounds heard here are the squeakings of bats, the breathing
of visitors and the click and flash of camera shutters.
Neither do you expect to see dead people displayed in
public. At Wat Khao Phra, a dead abbot has been encased, hunched over, for
the past 40 years in a Houdini-style glass case. Hair and scalp remain
largely intact, and the flesh remains on his thinly covered bones. The
solemn respect for this mo-nastery's dead abbot is passed on to visitors. To
view or photograph the abbot requires appropriate kneeling and prayer
rituals. It took us a while to work it out, but eventually Pon Chai
explained the need and we kneeled between changes of lens.
Some red
sym-bols above the abbot and associated statues remain unex-plained by
anthropologists, and are proudly pointed out by smiling monks in saffron
robes. Other anthropological mysteries also exist at Wat Keereewihan, where
Buddhas, adorned in odd gowns, sit in unusual positions for Buddha images.
Their thin arms lie to their sides, and they look very uncomfortable indeed.
We also found ourselves very uncomfortable, when we asked
about an intact "fossil" of a 3,000-year-old man. In the monk's excitement
to display this prized possession, he ripped open the glass case and thrust
the relic towards us. Scared of dropping such a precious object, we
respectfully declined. Similarly, a young yellow-robed monk excitedly
invited our party to prod and feel the oyster fossils at Pina, the young lad
appeared new to the monastery, a clear sign of his transition being the
Arsenal Football Club badge sewn neatly on a discreet corner of his robe.
One monk who didn't seem like a newbie was a
twinkle-eyed, gap-toothed old fellow swathed in a robe of gold. After
showing us through the very spiritual Tham Phra Phut, with its ancient
statues and commanding view over the "hidden valley", he invited us to view
some of the relics found hidden behind a Buddha image in a secluded cave.
Under the im-pression that monks had released them-selves from all worldly
possessions, we watched this elderly man reach beneath his robe to pull out
a key ring with enough keys on it to handle an eight-storey office block. He
used some of these to reveal a trove of ancient relics, including a
1,000-year-old mummified corpse sitting in a glass case, and row upon row of
silverware, lacquerware and pottery, all precious objects hidden here in
times gone by. Three theories exist as to why these items were hidden here,
apparently, but we didn't really understand any of the stories.
Another tale relates to an image at the simplest of the
temples, Wat Phra Ngam, which is located on a thin dirt road off the main
highway to Trang. An image of the Lord Buddha's head, crafted from pure
gold, was stolen some years ago from a Chak Pra festival and covered in
concrete to hide the precious object. Fortunately it was rediscovered,
reclaimed by the monastery, repaired and proudly placed back on display for
all to admire.
Other, more playful, images can be found on the Buddha
Trail. A reclining Buddha at Wat Phut Khoa Thong wears a serd crown.
Like a Burger King birthday hat, but emblazoned with gold, it appears
unique, with the only other Buddhas found with this form of crown being
seated or standing images. But we found none quite as strange as the Disney-esque
tigers flanking a set of stairs overlooked by snake heads imbedded in the
rockfaces of Tham E-So.
The Tham E-So cave, named for the surrounding e-so trees,
seemed de-serted of monks. Further investigation, however, revealed
industrious monks busy at concrete mixers, on pulleys and dragging wet
cement up hundreds of steps to a tattooed monk with a trowel and a
cigarette, who in turn was carefully watched over by an octogenarian abbot.
Major renovations and modernization were underway, with a set of steps
heading towards the top of the mountain. Sitting 100 metres below our
glorious view across the valley below lay Pon Chai, honking encouragement
for us to get back to the car. The afternoon was ticking on and our driver
needed extra searching time.
Stalking
the Buddha trail in Trang is a lot of fun. We found wonderful statues and
strange anomalies together with a fine assortment of monks excited to see
visitors. Between sites we shared in-teresting conversation with Pon Chai, a
single man with his eye on a particular girl. He had a ready laugh and
enough English to get us through a funny day. My own grasp of Thai is
basically as-sociated with the Buddha Trail words tham (cave), phra (lord or
"reverend"), khao (mountain), which we practised over and over until I got
them right.
For those seeking an unusual experience off the beaten
track, first look for Pon Chai. He knows the way now. Two days later we ran
into Pon Chai again, and he was still beaming and talking about the Buddha
Trail. I'm sure he could cover the ground a lot quicker next time.
Special Thanks to Amari Trang Resort :
www.amari.com/trangbeach
On the Trail
In Trang Province, fewer than 2 percent of signs are in
English. It makes for an inexpensive holiday destination, one favoured by
Thais and largely undiscovered by foreigners. Foreigners are slowly invading
the offshore islands, but in mainland Trang itself there's no need to barter
— the initial price is the price, and tourists are not hassled. We
hired our driver Ponchai from the Trang tourist offices, near the train
station, at 1,500 baht for the day, including petrol. It was a long day
covering the sites, from 9am to 630pm, mainly on bitumen roads.
On our tour (you won't find it in any guidebook), we
literally took nothing but photos and left nothing but footprints.
(Actually, we did leave some of our footprints in bat dropping at Tham E-So.
Oh, yeah — we also left some baht in donation boxes to assist with the
upkeep of temples).
We visited seven sites, Wat Khao Pina (old Dodge truck),
Wat Keereewihan (anthropological mystery), Wat Tham Phra Phut (hidden valley
and treasures), Wat Khao Phra (with the dead abbot), Tham E-So
(collagen-enhanced reclining Buddha), Wat Phut Khoa Thong (3,000-year-old
human fossil) and Wat Phra Ngam (simple temple near Trang Town).
Other Caves in the Trang Region
Many of the sites on the Buddha Trail are actually parts
of cave systems, or, at the very least, lie at the base of a limestone karst
hillside. Two caves of special note are open to visitors:
Tham Le. Also known as Tham Khao Kob, because it lies
inside Kob Mountain, and , in English, as "Sea Cave", this is a world-class
cave system. Visitors are paddled gondola-style for 15 minutes along a
leisurely canal.
A simple entrance with subtle signage and light foliage
welcomes visitors into the darkened world of Tham Le. A number of times
passengers disembark their wobbly boats to be hand-guided through a series
of formations ranging from phallic and breast shapes to "Roasted Duck", via
the Elephant, past the snake and into the Wedding Room.
Inexplicably, passengers on the cramped little boat are
requested to lie prostrate across the three bench seats. This proves rather
too intimate when sharing the vessel with new acquaintances. Working in
tandem, paddlers at each end push and pull on formations inches from the top
of the boat, passengers turning and twisting to allow formations to brush
past toes, knees, stomachs, breasts, noses and ears. This is no tour for the
claustrophobic, the obese or the too-tall. The boat travels in this manner
for 400 metres plus. Understandably, this tour isn't conducted in the wet
season, when the waters rise.
Tham Khao Chang Hai. Local legend speaks of a party of
travellers passing this point when a small elephant disappeared into the
cave entrance, much to the consternation of its mother. Hence this cave is
called "Lost Elephant Cave". Unfortunately, visitors aren't accompanied by
guides. Signs of wear and impact are evident. Nevertheless, a particularly
exciting cave awaits intrepid explorers (particularly those who like shaky
metal ladders!).
Getting around : We managed to again secure Pon Chai, our
Buddha Trail driver, and he took us to these two cave sites for 800 baht.
At Tham Le, it's 200 baht per boat, and I'd recommend sharing this
expense with the fewest people your budget allows. It gets cramped on the
boat.
Cave Conservation
Lack of visitor management is adversely affecting local
cave systems such as Tham Le and Tham Chang Hai. For example, the guides
demonstrate and encourage the playing of a formation that resembles a
musical instrument. Curious humans touching cave formations is a
speleologist's worst nightmare. Oils secreted by the body leave a film,
preventing the formation's continued growth and discolouring it.
At many sites in Australia, pieces of cave are handed out
to visitors to allow them to experience their weight and texture. This is
followed up by stern warnings about the impact of touching intact
formations.
A variety of flora, including algae and ferns, grow in
the caves due to the fluorescent lights, which seem to be on permanently
here. Cave guides are encouraged to turn lights on only when required, and
to turn them off as they pass through different cave sections. If lights
aren't extinguished, the spores from plants carried in on visitors'
clothing, or by people brushing along the cave wall, will take root. The
light and humidity then encourages growth of this flora.
At Tham Chang Hai (or "Lost Elephant Cave") there's no
admission charge, just a donation box, and no guide. Tourists are free to
explore the cave themselves. There are clearly marked concrete paths and the
occasional shaky ladder. But there is no pre-tour speech regarding the
fragility of the cave system, no disincentive to touching or taking
souvenirs. Chang Hai may continue to suffer nothing more than grease stains
from inquisitive fingers but, as this site establishes itself on the tourist
trail, souvenir stalactite straws may begin disappearing at the rate of NY
Stockbrokers in 1929.
The cave at Tham Le would rival the best in the world,
but tourist fingers are destroying the colouring in so many places. Also
disturbing is Tham Le's main attraction, the Wedding Room, where a thick
layer of face powder coats this (previously) romantic spot.
Further impacts within the cave include puddles in the
main dirt path due to increased foot traffic. The guides should encourage
visitors to step onto the new path to the side. A short-term solution that
may have long-term affects: in many popular cave systems world-wide,
floating wooden pathway structures have been erected above the cave floor to
avoid ever-widening paths into the cave system.
Clearly education is needed for cave custodians and
guides if there is any hope of these caves being maintained at the current
low to medium impact from tourism that they enjoy today.
For more information on cave preservation see the Australasian Cave and
Karst Management Association's website at http://www.ackma.org.
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